With the rapid development of China's aquaculture industry, in order to improve the yield and quality of the aquaculture industry, it is necessary to granulate and puff the feed to effectively change the nutrient content of the feed. This article will focus on the effects of protein granulation and puffing on protein, its effect on starch, its effect on vitamins, its effect on fat, and its influence on crude fiber.
1 Fish food extrusion machine Effect on protein
Factors such as temperature and moisture content during granulation and puffing will have an important impact on the absorption of protein in the feed. The protein in the feed becomes active in the high temperature environment, causing the internal hydrogen bond of the molecule to break, resulting in a change in the three-dimensional structure of the polypeptide chain; from a macroscopic point of view, it causes protein molecular denaturation. Therefore, after granulation and puffing, the protein in the feed is more conducive to the digestion and absorption of the animal. Through extensive research, it is found that the digestibility of the feed after granulation and puffing treatment of the animal will be significantly improved.
2 Fish food extrusion machine Effects on sugar starch
As the temperature of the granulation and puffing process increases, the saccharide starch granules gradually swell and swell in the interval of 50-75 ° C. As the volume increases, rupture occurs, which causes the viscosity of the feed to increase significantly. The substance formed by the sugar starch after this change is called gelatinized starch. The higher the temperature, the more complete the rupture of the saccharide starch and the higher the saccharide gelatinized starch content. The water-absorbing properties of the saccharide gelatinized starch are obviously improved, and it is easier to interact with the saccharide amylase in the animal body, thereby effectively improving the absorption and digestibility of the saccharide starch by the animal.
3 Fish food extrusion machine Effects on vitamins
Generally speaking, vitamin molecules mostly have an unsaturated carbon atom structure, a double bond structure, and a hydroxyl structure. These structures cause the physical and chemical properties of vitamin molecules to be very active and extremely unstable. After the feed is treated by high temperature, high pressure and humid environment in granulation and puffing, the internal structure of the vitamin molecule is destroyed, resulting in a significant decrease in the vitamin content of the feed.
4 Fish food extrusion machine effects on fat
Fat can be divided into two types, saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids. Generally speaking, the physical and chemical properties of saturated fatty acids are relatively stable and are not easy to change. For unsaturated fatty acids, they are easily oxidized and oxidized, especially under conditions of sufficient oxygen and high temperature and pressure. An oxidation reaction occurs. The oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids causes the conversion of unsaturated fatty acid molecules into other substances. For the granulation and puffing process of the feed, this process causes the lipase in the feed raw material to be completely inactivated, thereby effectively increasing the fat storage time in the feed. However, since this process is liable to cause oxidation reaction of unsaturated fatty acids, in the process of preparing some high-fat feeds, it is necessary to introduce a catalyst for the oxidation prevention reaction in proportion.
5 Fish food extrusion machine Effect on crude fiber
The cellulose and hemicellulose in the feed are not sensitive to temperature changes, and the temperature increase has little effect on the quality; however, the high pressure and puffing stage process will cause damage to the internal structure of cellulose and hemicellulose molecules, which can be large. Cellulose and hemicellulose molecules are broken into small molecular structures, which can effectively increase the absorption and digestibility of animals. Some scholars have studied that the granulation and puffing process has a limited effect on the cellulose and hemicellulose in the feed at temperatures not higher than 120 °C.
6 Fish food extrusion machine Summary
After the granulation and puffing treatment, the feed can effectively eliminate the undesirable microorganisms in the feed and improve the health and safety of the feed. It is beneficial to increase the absorption and digestion rate of protein, starch, fat and crude fiber in animals. However, it can cause a significant decrease in the vitamin content of the feed.